Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors offer a unique platform for diverse biotechnological systems. Their efficient design allows for {highthroughput and ideal environmental settings. The structure of the hollow fibers facilitates movement between the internal environment and the external fluid, enabling optimized biomass production. Some common a… Read More

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) employing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes have emerged as a promising solution for wastewater treatment due to their high efficiency in removing both organic and inorganic pollutants. This article presents a comprehensive performance evaluation of PVDF membrane bioreactors, examining key parameters such as perme… Read More